HSE Engineer Interview

Monday, 8 February 2021

Types of permits

*HOW MANY TYPE OF PERMITS ARE USED?*

• Hot work permit,

• Cold work permit,

• Confined space entry permit,

• Excavation permit,

• Lifting permit,

• Night work permit,

• Radiography permit,

• Other permits as per job requirement.

Wednesday, 20 January 2021

SOME SOCIAL RULES THAT MAY HELP YOU:

1. Don’t call someone more than twice continuously. If they don’t pick up your call, presume they have something important to attend to;

2. Return money that you have borrowed even before the other person remembers lending it to you. It shows your integrity and character. Same goes with umbrellas, pens and lunch boxes;

3. Never order the expensive dish on the menu when someone is giving you a lunch/dinner. If possible ask them to order their choice of food for you;

4. Don’t ask awkward questions like ‘Oh so you aren’t married yet?’ Or ‘Don’t you have kids’ or ‘Why didn’t you buy a house?’ Or why don't you buy a car? For God’s sake it isn’t your problem;

5. Always open the door for the person coming behind you. It doesn’t matter if it is a guy or a girl, senior or junior. You don’t grow small by treating someone well in public;

6. If you take a taxi with a friend and he/she pays now, try paying next time;

7. Respect different shades of opinions. Remember what's the digit 6 to you will appear the digit 9 to someone facing you. Besides, second opinion is good for an alternative;

8. Never interrupt people talking. Allow them to pour it out. As they say, hear them all and filter them all;

9. If you tease someone, and they don’t seem to enjoy it, stop it and never do it again. It encourages one to do more and it shows how appreciative you're;

10. Say “thank you” when someone is helping you.

11. Praise publicly. Criticize privately;

12. There’s almost never a reason to comment on someone’s weight. Just say, “You look fantastic.” If they want to talk about losing weight, they will;

13. When someone shows you a photo on their phone, don’t swipe left or right. You never know what’s next;

14. If a colleague tells you they have a doctors' appointment, don’t ask what it’s for, just say "I hope you’re okay". Don’t put them in the uncomfortable position of having to tell you their personal illness. If they want you to know, they'll do so without your inquisitiveness;

15. Treat the cleaner with the same respect as the CEO. Nobody is impressed at how rude you can treat someone below you but people will notice if you treat them with respect;

16. If a person is speaking directly to you, staring at your phone is rude;

17. Never give advice until you’re asked;

18. When meeting someone after a long time, unless they want to talk about it, don’t ask them their age and salary;

19. Mind your business unless anything involves you directly - just stay out of it;

20. Remove your sunglasses if you are talking to anyone in the street. It is a sign of respect. Moreso, eye contact is as important as your speech; and

21. Never talk about your riches in the midst of the poor. Similarly, don't talk about your children

Sunday, 22 November 2020

Q & A

Question The shot gun lance should be a minimum of .......long to keep the operator from pointing it at himself

1) 2.0 metres

2)1.9 metres

3) 1.8 metres

4) 1.7 metres

Friday, 9 October 2020

HSE ENGINEER INTERVIEW

Hi Friend,

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HSE OFFICER

Wednesday, 30 September 2020

Key Elements of a Health and Safety Policy in NEBOSH

 1.Policy statement of intent

 The health and safety policy statement of intent is often referred to as the health and safety policy statement. The statement should be written in clear and simple language so that it is easily understandable. It should also be fairly brief and broken down into a series of smaller statements or bullet points.The statement should be signed and dated by the most senior person in the organization. This will demonstrate management commitment to health and safety and give authority to the policy. 
 The following points should be included safety policy statement is being drafted: 

•the aims should cover health and safety, welfare and relevant environmental issues
• the position of the senior person in the organization 
•the names of the Health and Safety Adviser and any safety representatives
•a commitment to the basic requirements of the Health and Safety at Work Act. 

 2.Organization of health and safety

 This section of the policy defi nes the names, positions and duties of those within the organization or company who have a responsibility for health and safety. Therefore, it identifi es those health and safety responsibilities and the reporting lines through the management structure. This section will include the following groups together with their associated responsibilities:

• directors and senior managers (responsible for setting policy, objectives and targets) 
• supervisors (responsible for checking day-to-day compliance with the policy) 
• safety advisers (responsible for giving advice during accident investigations and on compliance issues) 
• other specialist, such as an occupational nurse, chemical analyst and an electrician (responsible for giving specialist advice on particular health and safety issues)
• safety representatives (responsible for representing employees during consultation meetings on health and safety issues with the employer) 

 3.Arrangements for Health and Safety

 The arrangements section of the health and safety policy gives details of the specific systems and procedures used to assist in the implementation of the policy statement. This will include health and safety rules and procedures and the provision of facilities such as a first aid room and wash rooms.
 The following list covers the more common items normally included in the arrangements section of the health and safety policy: 

• employee health and safety code of practice
• accident and illness reporting and investigation procedures 
• emergency procedures, first aid
• procedures for undertaking risk assessments 
• control of exposure to specific hazards (noise, vibration, radiation, manual handling, hazardous substances etc.) 
• machinery safety (including safe systems of work, lifting and pressure equipment) 
• electrical equipment (maintenance and testing) 
• maintenance procedures
• permits to work procedures
• use of personal protective equipment

Sunday, 20 September 2020

29 CFR 1926Construction Standards

29 CFR 1926

Construction Standards — Jobsite

Audit Instruments:

1926.23 First aid and medical attention

Are first-aid provisions available to workers?

1926.24 Fire protection and prevention

Does a fire protection and prevention program exist?

1926.25 Housekeeping

Are stairs, work areas, and walkways free of hazards?

Are proper containers provided for trash, rags, etc.?

Is scrap and debris removed daily?

Are nails bent over or removed from scrap lumber?

Subpart D Occupational Health and Environmental Controls

1926.50 Medical services and first aid

Are first-aid kits available and complete?

1926.51 Sanitation

Are drinking water, cups, and receptacles provided?

Are there an adequate number of portable toilets provided?

Are washing facilities provided?

1926.52 Occupational noise exposure

Has high noise areas been identified?

Is hearing protection provided and worn?

Are sound levels measured and are those produced by equipment known?

Is an audio metric testing program in effect?

Have engineering and administrative controls been instituted when possible?

1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists

Are exposures to vapors, fumes, dust, and mist controlled?

Are agents identified which may cause harm by inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption,

or contact?

Is adequate ventilation provided?

Is protective equipment used to protect against over-exposure?

Are workers made knowledgeable of hazards when working with harmful agents?

1926.56 Illumination

Is work area lighting adequate according to Table D-1?

Are 5-foot candles of Illumination provided throughout the general construction

area?

Are workshops and storerooms provided with 10-foot candles of illumination?

Are light guards provide where there is a possibility of breakage?

Are light fixtures raised above worker’s head?

Are stairways, floor openings and wall openings well illuminated?

1926.57 Ventilation

Is ventilation used as an engineering control?

1926.59 Hazard communication

Have hazard assessments been completed where necessary?

Is the hazard communication program satisfactory?

Are MSDSs available to employees?

Are hazardous materials properly labeled?

Are employees trained to work with hazardous materials?

1926.61 Retention of DOT markings, placards, and labels

Are DOT placards, markings, and labels in accordance with 49 CFR Part 171 in use?

1926.65 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response

Is hazardous waste work being performed?

Has the requirements of the regulations been followed?

Subpart E Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment

1926.95 Criteria for personal protective equipment

Have hazard assessments been completed where necessary?

Is personal protective equipment provided and used?

Have workers been trained in the use of PPE?

1926.96 Occupational foot protection

Are safety shoes worn to prevent foot injury when heavy pieces of work are handled?

Are shoes designed and constructed to standard?

Are ankles and legs protected where hazards exists?

Is foot protection provided and used for wet conditions?

1926.100 Head protection

Are hardhats worn by all those in the construction zone?

Are employees working in areas where there is a possible danger of head injury

from impact, falling, or flying objects, or from electrical shock or burns protected

by protective helmets?

Does helmet design and construction meet standards?

1926.102 Eye and face protection

Are all workers wearing safety glasses with side shields?

Is protective eye and face equipment provided and used where a reasonable

probability of injury can occur and be prevented?

Does protectors fit properly, durable, capable of being disinfected/cleaned, and

kept in good repair?

Is eye protection distinctly marked, limitations or precautions transmitted to user,

designed for construction site use and used in accordance with ANSI Z87.1?

Does protective equipment provide for the use of corrective lenses?

Are filter lens and shade numbers standard for protection against radiant energy

used?

Is special eye protection provided for those exposed to laser beams, acids and

chemical splashes, welding and cutting radiation, sparks, and flashes?

1926.103 Respiratory protection

Are approved respirators used when engineering and administrative controls are

not feasible?

Is approved respiratory equipment maintained properly and fit properly to assure

effectiveness?

Are medical examinations made available to workers and provided free of charge

for worker who wear respirators or are exposed to asbestos or lead?

Is there an established and maintained respiratory protective program?

1926.104 Safety belts, lifelines, and lanyards

Are safety harnesses, belts, lifelines, and lanyards inspected and used?

1926.105 Safety nets

Are safety nets in place where needed?

1926.106 Working over or near water

Are all workers wearing life jackets?

Are ring buoys with 90 feet of line available at 200 feet intervals?

Is at least one life-saving skiff immediately available?

Subpart F Fire Protection and Prevention

1926.150 Fire protection

Are combustible and flammable liquids stored in safety containers?

Are fire extinguishers properly placed and inspected?

Are fire warning signs posted where required?

Is there access to fire hydrants and hoses?

Are extinguishers inspected at least monthly for location, damage, and discharge?

1926.152 Flammable and combustible liquids

Are all flammable and combustible liquids used identified by class, flash point,

boiling point, vapor pressure, and major ingredients?

Are locations where flammable vapors may be present protected from ignition

sources by approved electrical installation and equipment, static electricity, bonding

or grounding, no smoking warnings, no open flames or heating devices, no

welding or cutting, no use of spark producing tools?

Are flammable or combustible liquids stored in tanks or closed containers

approved for the specific purpose by class of liquid, volume and location? Does

ventilation prevent vapor air mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the

lower flammable limit?

Does the quantity of liquids kept in the operational vicinity not normally exceed

supply for one day or one shift?

Are safety containers used for storage and handling of 5 gallons or less?

Do storage limitations outside of approved storage cabinets, inside cabinets, inside

approved storage rooms, and in other types of occupancy or installations meet

standard tables and requirements?

Are suitable fire control devices which meet standard requirements provided?

Is suitable spill control available?

1926.159 Employee alarm systems

Are alarms present to warn of hazards?

Is annual inspection and testing of system done by a competent engineer, inspector,

or person?

Subpart G Signs, Signals, and Barricades

1926.200 Accident prevention signs and tags

Are signs and tags in place?

1926.201 Signaling

Are flagpersons provided with and made to wear orange or red warning garments

while working in vehicular traffic?

Are the warning garments reflectorize material?

Are flagpersons knowledgeable of standard flag signals to control traffic

effectively?

1926.202 Barricades

Barricades conform to ANSI D6.1-1971.

Subpart H Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal

1926.250 General requirements for storage

Are materials properly stored to prevent falling?

Are maximum safe loads for floors posted and observed?

Are isles clear and of adequate size?

Nebosh International General Certificate Short notes Unit IGC1: Management of international health and safety

Element 1: Foundations in health & safety

Key Learning Points:

The learning outcomes of this Element are that candidates should be able to:

1. Outline the scope and nature of occupational health & safety

2. Explain the moral, social & economic reasons for maintaining & promoting good standards of health & safety in the workplace

3. Explain the role of national governments & international bodies in formulating a framework for the regulation of health & safety

1.1 The scope and nature of occupational health and safety

The multi-disciplinary nature of health and safety

Occupational health and safety is a broad subject that brings together knowledge from many disciplines of learning e.g.:

• Natural sciences e.g. Life sciences, Chemistry, Physics

• Social sciences e.g. Culture and ethics studies, Economics, Psychology, Sociology

• Formal sciences e.g. Computer sciences, Mathematics and statistics

• Applied sciences e.g. Architecture and design, Business, Education, Engineering, Health care, Communication and Law

Barriers to Good Standards of health and safety

Health and safety is a fundamental part of managing an organisation. But there are barriers to achieving good standards of health and safety in the workplace. These are:

1. Complexity

2. Competing and conflicting demands

3. Behavioural issues

Complexity of the organization.

• Leads to risks not being identified

• The Organisation may not provide good solutions to risks

• Good solutions may not be effectively implemented

• Cooperation is needed across all organisational levels

Competing and conflicting demands

• Competing demands for finite resources e.g. time, expertise, money.

• Focus may be placed on immediate costs rather than longer term health and safety programmes

• Conflicting demands placed on managers, supervisors and workers

• Potential conflict on resources between productivity and health and safety to detriment of health and safety

Organizational Culture & behavioral issues

Even when an organisation has identified solutions, the behaviour of managers, supervisors and workers can prevent good health and safety standards by:

• Managers, supervisors and workers not being motivated

• Managers not encouraging good practice

• Workers not following procedures

Basic definitions

Health: A state of both physiological and psychological well-being. In occupational terms, it would include not suffering (e.g.) from fatigue, stress or noise induced deafness

Safety: The absence of danger or physical harm to persons, extending in the workplace to things such as equipment, materials and structures

Welfare: Relates to the provision of workplace facilities that maintain the basic wellbeing and comfort of the worker such as eating, washing and toilet facilities which enable them to fulfill their bodily functions.

Hazard: Anything with a potential to cause harm

Risk: The chance that a hazard will cause harm and its possible consequence in terms of injury, damage.

Accident: An unplanned, unwanted event which leads to injury, damage or loss. There are two types

a) Injury accident – where the unplanned, unwanted event leads to some sort of personal injury, e.g. a cut hand.

b) Damage only accident – where the unplanned, unwanted event leads to equipment or property damage but not personal injury, e.g. a wall is demolished.

Near Miss: An unplanned, unwanted event that had the potential to lead to injury, damage or loss but did not.

Ill health: A disease or medical condition that is directly attributable to work, e.g. dermatitis because of exposure to skin irritants.

Dangerous occurrence:

A specified event that must be reported to the relevant authority by statute law OR a readily identifiable event, as defined under national laws and regulations, with potential to cause injury or disease to people at work or the public. E.g. a major gas leak.

1.2 The moral, social and economic reasons for maintaining and promoting good standards of health and safety in the workplace

Three main reasons for maintaining good standards of health and safety

1. MORAL (protect people from injury & ill health)

2. ECONOMIC (cost effective objectives' achievement)

3. SOCIAL (societal expectations of good HS standards)

1. Moral:

The moral arguments are best reflected by the occupational disease and accident rate.

Healthy organizations hold their employees to be the most valued asset and take every precaution known on how, to protect employees' health and safety. Occupational accidents and diseases have a big negative feedback on reputation, productivity and morale.

2. Economic / Financial:

Any accident or ill-health will cost both direct and indirect or insured/uninsured costs.

It is crucial that all costs (direct / indirect) are considered when the full cost of an accident is calculated.

Note: Employer’s Liability Insurance:

• Is a legal requirement in many countries?

• Covers the employer’s liability in case of accidents and occupational diseases to employees or others who may be affected by their activities.

• Covers compensations in case an employee sues his/her employer following an accident regardless the financial status of the company.

Costs of accidents to an organisation Direct costs include: Indirect costs include:

• First-aid treatment,

• sick pay,

• lost production time.

• Fines and compensation.

• Lost time for investigation.

• Lost morale and damaged worker relationships.

• Cost of recruitment of replacement staff.

• Lost reputation.

Insured costs Uninsured costs

• Fire.

• Worker injury/death.

• Medical costs.

• Damage to Plant, Buildings and Equipment

• Civil claims in form of compensations.

• Production delays

• Loss of Raw Materials

• Investigation Time

• Criminal fines and Legal costs

• Sick Pay

• Overtime Pay

• Hiring and Training New Employee

• Loss of Business Reputation

3. Legal:

What employers must provide (employer’s duty of care ILO C155 Article 16)?

• Safe place of work – and safe access and egress.

• Safe plant and equipment – the need to inspect, service and replace machinery will depend on the level of risk.

• Safe system of work – should be safe in all circumstances – appropriate review, planning and control ensure continued safety of methods.

• Information, Instructions, Training and Supervision (IITS)

• Competent staff

Discuss the societal expectations of good standards of Health & safety.

Note:

Worldwide, there are variations in the level of implementation and enforcement of legislation depending on:

• Different standards & regulations in different countries

• Different penalties in different regions

• Cultural differences and the degree of reporting

• Economic and Political status

• Different laws and legislations

1.3 The role of national governments and international bodies in formulating a framework for the regulation of health and safety

Employers’ responsibilities

Article 16 of C155 identifies obligations placed on employers to:

• Ensure that workplaces, machinery, equipment and work processes are safe and without risks to health.

• Ensure that chemical, physical and biological substances and agents are without risk to health when protective measures have been taken.

• Provide adequate protective clothing and equipment to prevent risks of accidents or adverse health effects.

Article 10 of R164:

• Provide and maintain workplaces, machinery and equipment and use working methods that are safe.

• Give necessary instruction, training and supervision in application and use of health and safety measures.

• Introduce organisational arrangements relevant to activities and size of undertaking.

• Provide PPE and clothing without charge to workers.

• Ensure that work organisation, particularly working hours and rest breaks, does not adversely affect occupational safety and health.

• Take reasonably practical measures with a view to eliminating excessive physical and mental fatigue.

• Keep up to date with scientific and technical knowledge to comply with the above. Workers’ responsibilities Workers’ rights

Article 19 of C155 also places obligations on workers, expanded in R164 as follows:

• Take reasonable care of their own safety and that of other people.

• Comply with safety instructions and procedures.

• Use all safety equipment properly.

• Report any situation that they believe could be a hazard and which they cannot themselves correct.

• Report any work-related accident/ill health.

Article 19 of C155 states that every worker must be:

• Given adequate information on actions the employer has taken to ensure safety and health.

• Given the right to the necessary training in safety and health.

• Consulted by the employer on all matters of safety and health relating to their work.

• Given the right to leave a workplace that he has reason to think presents an imminent and serious danger to his life or health, and not be compelled to return until it is safe.

The role of enforcement agencies and consequences of non-compliance:

Enforcement in any government: The local authorities may send an inspector, under the Health & Safety laws to shops, hotels, restaurants, garages, offices and residential homes.

The inspector has the right to:

• Enter premises at any reasonable time, accompanied by a police officer, if necessary.

• Examine, investigate and take samples and photographs.

• Seize, destroy or render harmless any substance or article.

• Issue enforcement notices and initiate prosecution

Breach of H&S legislation is usually a criminal offence, leading to:

Formal enforcement action:

• Improvement notice – It’s like a warning notice

• Prohibition notice – it’s a notice for stopping work or closure of a company

Prosecution:

• Organisation may be fined.

• Individuals may be fined or imprisoned.

Compensation through the civil courts

International standards and conventions (e.g. International Standards Organisation (ISO) and the International Labour Organisation - ILO)

The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)

• An international standard-setting body

• Composed of representatives from various national standards bodies

• Founded in 1947

• Produces world-wide industrial and commercial standards

standards

The International Labour Organisation (ILO)

• Founded in 1919

• It is the only 'tripartite' United Nations agency

• Brings together representatives of governments, employers and workers to jointly shape policies and programmes

• Derives Conventions that members ratify, and when ratified member countries are expected to meet the requirements of the Convention

• Also, produces recommendations, guidelines, codes of practice and reports on issues that affect health and safety

• Also, produces many informative books, including the very useful health and safety encyclopaedia

BS OHSAS 18001: 2007 "Occupational Health & Safety Assessment Series"

BSI adopted OHSAS 18001 as a British standard in 2007.

Occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) promotes a safe and healthy working environment by providing a framework that helps organizations to:

• Identify and control health and safety risks

• Reduce the potential for accidents

• Aid legal compliance

• Improve overall performance

BS OHSAS: 2007 is made up of the following

1. Occupational Health & Safety Policy

2. Planning

3. Implementation and operation

4. Checking and corrective action

5. Management Review

Proposed External Sources of information on Health and Safety:

• National Safety Organizations e.g. IOSH Institution of Occupational Safety & Health

• Professional Consultants and Consultancy bodies

• Workers Unions & Governmental sources of laws & Regulations.

• Suppliers and Manufacturers.

• Internet:

a. The OSHA website: www.osha.gov

b. National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health USA: www.cdc.gov/niosh

c. The IOSH website: www.iosh.co.uk

d. The British Safety Council website: www.bscawards.org

e. The ILO website: www.ilo.org

f. The Health & Safety Executive UK website: www.hse.gov.uk

g. The European Agency for Safety & Health at Work: http://hwi.osha.europa.eu

Proposed Internal Sources of Information on Health and Safety:

• Policies & Internal Standards

• Health and Safety meeting minutes & recommendations

• Audits/inspections' reports

• Risk Registers & Risk Assessments

• Incidents' records & accidents investigation reports

REVISION QUESTIONS

Outline the difference between criminal and civil law

Qn. Outline why the management of an organisation might not consider health and safety to be a priority.

• Competes with other business priorities such as production, which are the main aims of the organisation

• May be an unproductive cost to the business

• Ignorance of legal duties

• Lack of care for staff welfare

• Focus on output and profitability at expense of worker well-being

• Cost to the business – taking a short-term view

• Ignorance of true cost to the business of worker ill health

• Competition within the business for access to limited funds

• Unwillingness or lack of resources to devote time to H&S management

• Failure to perceive hazards in their operations

• Cavalier attitude to the management of risks

Outline the term ‘health’, ‘safety’ and ‘welfare’ with relevant examples in relation to workers at work.

Outline what is meant by the direct cost of a health and safety incident, with an example for each.

Explain the social reasons for preventing accidents/incidents and ill-health in the workplace.

Outline the worker’s responsibilities and rights in the Occupational Safety and Health Convention C155.

Explain what is meant by practicable duties placed on employers.

Outline why ISO international standards are not in any way binding on either governments or industry merely by virtue of being international standards.

CONTENTS

1. The scope and nature of occupational health and safety

2. The moral, social and economic reasons for maintaining and promoting health and safety

3. The role of national governments and international bodies in formulating a framework for regulation of health and safety